章節(jié) 第二十一單元
關(guān)鍵詞 內(nèi)容
【 拋磚引玉 】
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ. 語音學(xué)習(xí)
字母組合tr , dr , t ( e ) s , d ( e ) s的發(fā)音。
Ⅱ. 詞語學(xué)習(xí)
house , men , women , child , children , work , young , at work , pioneer , Young Pioneer
Ⅲ. 語法學(xué)習(xí)
掌握名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化。
man → men , woman → women , child → children
Ⅳ. 交際英語
1 . Where are they ? They're at school ( home , work ) .
2 . How many boys are there ? I think there are ten .
【 指點(diǎn)迷津 】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1 . house 房子
There is a house near the river .
Our new house is different from yours in colour .
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗 house 的復(fù)數(shù)為 houses , 其讀音為［&127;h?÷?÷］，house 指的是用來居住的所有建筑物，包括 room ( 房間 ) 、浴室、起居室等。
2 . women 是 woman 的復(fù)形式
I don't know how many women will come to the tea party . 我不知道有多少位婦女會來參加茶話會。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗 women 的發(fā)音比較特殊。注意其單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)的變化。又如：man - men男人。
3 . children 是 child 的復(fù)數(shù)形式
The children in that family are all at school . 那家的孩子們都在學(xué)校里上學(xué)。
Children of school-age must go to school . 學(xué)齡兒童必須上學(xué)。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗 注意其發(fā)音和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。
4 . work 工作，勞動
Work hard and be a good boy . 努力學(xué)習(xí)，做個好孩子。
You should work hard at English .
What time do you go to work every day ? 每天你什么時候上班 ?
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗 作 “ 工作 ” 解，work 為不可數(shù)名詞。上班 go to work , 下班 after work 。 work hard at 努力干 ……
We go to work at 7：30 .
5 . pioneer 先鋒
They are pioneers of our farm . 他們是我們農(nóng)場的開路先鋒。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗注意該詞的發(fā)音和拼寫。the Young Pioneers少先隊(duì)員。
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1 .已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)的介詞短語回眸
in the river 在河里 / in the tree 在樹上 / in the picture 在圖片里 / in Row 1在第一排 / in Class 3 , Grade 1 在 1 年級 3 班 / at home 在家里 /at school 在學(xué)校里 / in the workbook 在練習(xí)冊里 / on the desk在書桌上 / behind her chair在她的椅子后面 / under the chair 在椅子下面 / in her pencil - box 在她的鉛筆盒里 / on the floor在地板上 / in your desk 在你的桌子里 / at Li Lei's bedroom 在李雷的臥室里 /on the wall 在墻上 /under the window 在窗下 / behind the door 在門后 / in Hebei 在河北 / in your bag 在你的書包里 ( 袋子里 ) / under your bag 在你的書包下面 ( 袋子下面 ) / on the hill 在山上 / under the black bike 在黑色的單車上 / behind the tree 在樹后 / in the box 在盒里子 / on the clothes line 在曬衣繩上 / on the bed 在床上 / in the car 在轎車?yán)?/ near the river 在河邊
2 . in our classroom 在我們的教室里
Who is in our classroom ? 誰在我們的教室里 ?
There is a map of China in our classroom . 我們教室里有一張中國地圖。
We are having a lesson in the classroom . 我們正在教室里上課。
3 . on the teacher's desk 在講臺上
There are some flower on the teacher's desk .
4 . near the door 在門邊
Don't stand near the door . 別站在門邊。
The student near the door is Li Ming . 門邊的那個學(xué)生叫李明。
5 . at work 在工作，在上班
She is always at work on Sundays . 她星期天總是在工作。
介詞 at 在這里是 “ 從事 ”。如 What are you at ? 相當(dāng)于 What are you doing ? ( 你正在干什么 ? )
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【 學(xué)法指要 】
單元句型思路明晰
1 . 存在句
There be + not + 主語 + 其他
There isn't any light in the room . 房里一點(diǎn)燈光也沒有。
There aren't any lesson this morning . 今天上午沒有課。
There is no fire without some smoke . 有火必有煙；有利就有弊。
Be there + 主語 + 其它 ?
Are there any apples in the basket ?
Is there a bird in the tree ?
Is there enough time for me to do all the homework ? 我要做完全部的作業(yè)時間夠嗎 ?
對這類句型的回答可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選擇肯定回答或否定回答。
肯定回答為：Yes there is/are .
否定回答為:No , there isn't/aren't ( any ) 。
3 . 問有多少的句型
How many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 其他 ?
How many days are there in a week ?
How many students are there in your school ?
How many policemen are there in the street ?
how many 是對可數(shù)名詞進(jìn)行提問，對不可數(shù)名詞用 how much 。如：How much time do you spend ?
單元重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)釋疑
1 . Behind the house there is a tree . 在房子后面有一棵樹。
behind the house “ 在房子后面 ” ，是介詞短語作狀語，一般放在句尾。有時放在句首 是為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。
例如：a . On the wall there is a map . 墻上有一幅地圖。
b . Near the river there is a house . 河邊有一所房子。
c . There is a cat under the tree . 樹下有一只貓。
2 . Are there any birds in the picture ? 畫中有鳥嗎 ?
any 形容詞，一般用于疑問句和否定句中，后面可接可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。例如：
a . Is there any water in the glass ? 杯里有水嗎 ? ( water 是不可數(shù)名詞，句中用 is , 不用 are 。 )
b . Are there any boats in the picture ? 畫中有船嗎 ?
c . There aren't any flowers in the picture . 畫中沒有花。
3 . They are at work . 他們在工作。
at work 在 “ 工作中 ” ，介詞 at 在此表示狀態(tài)，這是一個固定詞組，在這類詞級事， 名詞前不用冠詞。類似的還有：
at school 在上學(xué)，在求學(xué) 。 at table 在吃飯，at home在家 ，at play 在玩耍，
例如：a . My English teacher's son is at school . 我們英語老師的孩子在上學(xué)。
b . Mary and Tom are at play under the tree . 瑪麗和湯姆在樹下玩耍。
c . Some workers are at table . 一些工人們在吃飯。
d . My mother is at home . 我媽媽在家。
4 . Young Pioneer 少先隊(duì)員
該詞組是名詞詞組，有專有名詞，所以兩詞的首字母都要大寫。但表示幾位少先隊(duì)員時，不 定冠詞或數(shù)詞不大寫。例如：a Young Pioneer 一位少先隊(duì)員，ten Young Pioneers 十位少先隊(duì)員，some Young Pioneers 一些少先隊(duì)員
5 . What about cats ? ＝Are there any cats ? 有沒有貓 ?
6 . How many boats are there in the picture ? 畫上有幾只 ( 多少只 ) 小船 ?
( 1 ) 在由 how many 構(gòu)成的特殊疑問句中，how many 后常跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。how many 和它后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞是一個完整的詞組，不能分開。例如：
How many boys are there in your class ? 你們班有多少個男孩 ?
How many trees are there in the picture ? 畫上有多少棵樹 ?
( 2 ) 在回答 how many 構(gòu)成的特殊疑問句時，根據(jù)具體情況有三種回答：
回答：有幾個 ” ，用 There are …
回答 “ 只有一個 ” ，用 There is ( only ) one .
回答 “ 沒有 ” ，用 There aren't any . 例如：
-How many boats are there in the river ? 河里有幾條小船 ?
-There are five . 有五條。
-How many birds are there in the tree ? 樹上有幾只鳥 ?
-There's only one . 只有一只。
-How many students are there in the classroom ? 教室里有多少學(xué)生 ?
-There aren't any . 沒有學(xué)生。
【 妙文賞析 】
My home
My home is in a small village near our town . The village is at the foot of a hill . The hill is very beautiful . There are many trees and flowers on it . And there is a river at the foot of the hill , too . In summer , I like swimming in the river with my friends . At home I have a good friend . It’s a dog . Its name is Huahua . Every day when I come back from school , it always comes over to me .
I like my home very much . Do you like it ? I hope I have more friends . Do you want to be my penfriend (筆友)?
賞析：作者用簡樸的語言把自己的家鄉(xiāng)描繪的令人向往。這真是：誰不說俺家鄉(xiāng)好，稻谷飄香，鳥兒歡唱，人勤地豐，這都離不開當(dāng)?shù)暮妙I(lǐng)導(dǎo)。
【 思維體操 】
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在每一個空格內(nèi)填上一個詞，然后判斷各句對錯。
This ________ a picture ________ our classroom . There ______ a door and three _______ in the classroom . Near the window there is a map . It is a map of China . There are many desks _______ chair in the classroom . There are some books on the teacher's _______ .
1 . This is a picture of our school .
2 . There is a door and two windrows in the room .
3 . There are some books on the teacher's desk .
4 . Near the window there is a picture .
5 . There is a ruler on the teacher's desk .
答案：is , of , is , windows , and , desk 1 . × 2 . × 3 . √ 4 . × 5 . ×
三、智能顯示
【 心中有數(shù) 】
單元語法發(fā)散思維
A. 需要掌握的名詞復(fù)數(shù)的發(fā)音
1 . 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
( 1 ) 以 “ 輔音字母 + y ” 結(jié)尾的名詞，變 y 為 i，再加 es 。如：baby - babies , family - families ,city - cities 。
( 2 ) 不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 ( 需特別記住 )
man - men woman - women , child - children , tooth - teeth（牙） 。
( 3 ) 加 - es 構(gòu)成的復(fù)數(shù)形式以及以 ce , se , ze , ( d ) ge 結(jié)尾加 - s 構(gòu)成的復(fù)數(shù)形式，讀［iz］。這樣的單詞如：buses boxes watches oranges
( 4 ) 以輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾的詞，變 y 為 i , 再加 - es , - es 讀［ｚ］。例如：
baby →babies family → families
注意：如 y 前是元音字母，則只能加 - s 。例如： day → days play → plays
( 5 ) 還有少數(shù)英語單詞仍保存了古英語中的復(fù)數(shù)形式，它們的構(gòu)成是不規(guī)則的，發(fā)音也有相的變化。例如： man → men woman → women child → children
注意：house 的復(fù)數(shù)形式的讀音應(yīng)［′ｈａｕｚｉｚ］，而不是［′ｈａｕｓｉｚ］
B. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)
( 1 ) there be 的否定句一般用 a 或 any 或數(shù)字。例如：
There isn't a river in the picture .
There aren't any picture on the wall .
( 2 ) there be 的一般疑問句如有 “ 一些 ” ，一定有用 any 。如：Are there any trees in front of the house ?
( 3 ) there be 的特殊疑問句
1 ) 對 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語的名詞提問，無論是單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，習(xí)慣用法是 What's + 某 地，中間不用 there 。例如：
What's under the desk ? There's a ball under the desk .
What's in the room ? There are many desks in the room .
2 ) 對 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中表示數(shù)量的詞提問，習(xí)慣用法是：How many + 名詞 ( 復(fù)數(shù) ) + are there + 某地 ( 某時 ) 。例如：
There is only an apple on the desk .
How many apples are there on the desk ?
There are seven days in a week .
How many days are there in a week ?
【 動手動腦 】
單元能力立體檢測
A. 不可數(shù)名詞
1 . How many _____ can you see ?
A . milks B . a glass of milk C . glasses of milks D . glasses of milk
2 . I'd like ______ .
A . two cup of tea B . some cup of tea
C . two cups of teas D . some cups of tea
3 . Please give her ____ bowl ( 碗 ) of _____ .
A . a , rice B . a , rice C . an , rice D . two , rice
4 . They eat _____ and we eat _____ .
A . bread , meat B . breads , meat
C . bread , meats D . breads , meats
5 . Would you like _____ orange ?
A . a bottle B . a bottle of C . bottle of D . some bottle of
解析：答案為：1 . D 2 . D 3 . A 4 . A 5 . B
提示：1. mile 為不可名詞，A、C 排除，B 是單數(shù)，而 how many 后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)選 D。 2 . tea 是不可數(shù)名詞，可排除 C，A、B 中的 two 和 some 后面的名詞 cup 應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)， A、B 排除。3. rice 為不可數(shù)名詞，排除 B，bowl 為單數(shù)，且以輔音［b］起首，可排除 C 和 D。 4 . bread 和 meat 都為不可數(shù)名詞，排除 B、C、D。 5. A “ a bottle ” 后面少 of，C “ bottle of ” 少 a，D “ some bottle of ” 中的 bottle 應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。
B. 用括號里所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子意思完整。
1 . There are some ____ ( child ) over there .
2 . There _____ ( woman ) are our teachers .
3 . The_____ ( man ) in front of the house is my father .
4 . I have three new _____ ( box ) .
5 . The _____ ( baby ) are in the room .
6 . Their _____ ( watch ) are nice .
7 . There are many _____ ( class ) in our school .
8 . I can see three bottles of _____ ( orange on the table .
答案：1 . children 2 . women 3 . man 4 . boxes 5 . babies 6 . watches 7 . classes 8 . orange
C. 選擇填空
1 . There are some trees ____ the river .
A . in B . at C . near D . under
2 . _____ a boat in the river ?
A . There is B . There are C . Is there D . Are there
3 . - _____ is the cat ?
- It's in the tree .
A . Where B . How C . What D . Which
4 . - Is there a clock on the table ?
- Yes , _____ .
A . it is B . it isn't C . there is D . there isn't
5 . - _____ flowers are there in your room ?
- About twenty .
A . What B . Who C . How many D . What about
6 . There are ____ under the tree .
A . a man B . some men C . any man D . any men
7 . Are there ____ flowers on the hills ?
A . some B . any C . the D . a
8 . There are some flowers ____ the house .
A . on B . behind C . of D . to
9 . How many boys _____ in your school ?
A . there is B . there are C . is there D . are there
10 . Can you see any _____ on the hill ?
A . man B . child C . women D . bird
11 . - Are there two girls in the house ?
- No , ______ .
A . they don't B . they aren't C . there aren't D . they can't
12 . They are students . They are not _____ .
A . baby B . teacher C . babies D . man
13 . - How many boats are there in the picture ?
- One . There is _____ one on the picture .
A . a B . about C . only D . not
14 . He can't go with you . He's ______ .
A . to work B . at work C . for work D . in work
15 . - How many students are there on the hill ?
- _____ .
A . There aren't any B . They don't C . They can't D . They aren't
答案：1 - 5 C C A C C 6 - 10 B B B D C 11 - 15 C C C B A
D. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1 . There is a book in my bag . ( 改為一般疑問句 )
2 . There are some trees on the hill . ( 改為否定句 )
3 . There are two picture on the wall . ( 改為一般疑問句并作否定回答 )
4 . There are four boys in the room . ( 就畫線部分提問 )
答案：1 . Is there a book in your bag ? 2 . There aren't any trees on the hill . 3 . - Are there two picture on the wall ? - No , there aren't . 4 . How many boys are there in the room ?
【 創(chuàng)新園地 】
通過學(xué)習(xí)there be表示存在后，請開動腦筋將下面句子排列成一段對話：
a . Whose bag is it ?
b . This pencil - box is Jim's . I think the bag is his .
c . Let's have a look in it .
d . Look ! There is a bag under the tree .
e . Oh , there's a pencil - box .
f . I don't know .
( 請同學(xué)們把你的答案反饋給我們 )
創(chuàng)新園地答案：1 . d 2 . a 3 . f 4 . c 5 . e 6 . b