句容二中9A Unit 2 語(yǔ)法講義

          發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-8-20 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

          一、Would rather….句型的用法

          1.我們先來(lái)看一下rather這個(gè)詞用法:

          rather用作表示程度的副詞,意為“相當(dāng)”“太”,與very, quite, too同義,用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞。如:This book is rather bad. 這本書相當(dāng)差。

          rather和quite可用來(lái)修飾名詞,一般放在冠詞前面。

          That’s rather / quite a good picture. 那是一副很好的畫。

          2.以下是重點(diǎn):

          Would rather…than…意思是“寧愿….而不原,喜歡….而不喜歡。”在使用時(shí),前面和后面都必須用表示并列的成分。它的否定形式應(yīng)該在would rather 的后面加not,而不是在would的后面加not,疑問句將would提前。如:

          ★★★would rather 的主要句型有以下2種:

          ①、would rather (not) do sth. 寧愿(不)做某事

          ②、would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2 寧愿做事情1,而不愿做事情2. (在此句型中,如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞相同則后面一個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以省略。)

          例:①She would rather stay at home tomorrow. 她寧可明天呆在家。

          I’d rather not tell you about it . 我寧愿不告訴你此事。

          ② I would rather have the red one than (have)the green one.我寧愿要紅的,而不要綠的。

          I would rather play football than watch TV. 我寧愿踢足球而不愿看電視。

          二、Prefer(=like…better)和prefer…to…的用法 :

          prefer 是動(dòng)詞,它的過去式和過去分詞都是preferred .它的意思是“寧愿,更喜歡”,相當(dāng)于like…better,后面跟名詞或代詞,也可接不定式或動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))。

          ★★★prefer的重點(diǎn)句型有以下幾種:

          ①.prefer (not) to do sth. 寧愿(不)做某事= would rather (not) do sth.

          ②.prefer sb. (not) to do sth. 寧愿某人(不)去做某事

          ③. prefer to do sth.1 rather than do sth.2 寧愿做事情1,而不愿做事情2.

          =would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2

          =prefer doing sth.1 to doing sth.2 (這種句型屬于第④種句型,to為介詞)

          ④prefer A to B = like A better than B 喜歡A,而不喜歡B

          (此句型中to為介詞,其中A和B 可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))

          例如:①She prefers to stay at home on Sunday.星期天她更喜歡呆在家里。

          ②They preferred their son (not) to go to college.

          他們寧愿他們的兒子(不)去上大學(xué)。

          ③I prefer to look after the baby rather than clean the room.

          =I would rather look after the baby than clean the room

          ④ I prefer the town to the country.我喜歡城鎮(zhèn)而不喜歡農(nóng)村。

          =I like the town better than the country.

          ⑤She prefers red to blue.她喜歡紅色,而不喜歡藍(lán)色。

          =She likes red better than blue.

          ⑥She prefers singing to dancing. 他喜歡唱歌,而不喜歡跳舞。

          =she likes singing better than dancing.

          =She prefers to sing rather than dance.

          =She would rather sing than dance.

          ⑦I prefer staying at home to going out on Sundays.星期天我喜歡呆在家里,而不喜歡到外面去。

          =I like staying at home better than going out on Sundays.

          =I prefer to stay at home rather than go out on Sundays.

          =I would rather stay at home than go out on Sundays.

          三、由some, any ,no, every.構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞的用法

          ▲由some;any ;no 和every 可以與one ,body ,thing構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞,它們的用法與some. any 的用法相同。如:

          -some -any -no -every

          -body Somebody(有人,某人) Anybody(任何人) Nobody(沒有人) Everybody(每人,人人)

          -one Someone(有人,某人) Anyone(任何人) No one(沒有人) Everyone(人人,每人)

          -thing Something(某事) Anything(任何事) Nothing(沒有東西) Everything(一切,事事)

          Grammar (C) (D)

          C ‘someone/ somebody’,’ anyone/anybody’, and ‘no one/ nobody’

          以上幾個(gè)詞都是指代人的不定代詞,當(dāng)我們不確定所談?wù)摰娜说拿只虿恍枰峒八拿謺r(shí),就可以用不定代詞來(lái)表示。

          1.someone/somebody 用來(lái)表示“某人”,常用于肯定句中。

          e.g. ①There is someone in the fitting room.

          ②Somebody wants to see you at the gate.

          2.anybody/ anyone 表示“任何人”。常用于否定句和疑問句中。有時(shí)在肯定句或if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中要想表達(dá)“任何人”的含義時(shí)也用anyone/anybody。

          e.g. ①Anyone(who feels tired or weak) should wear red that makes you feel energetic.

          ②Has anybody come?

          ③There is not anyone in the room.

          ④Please tell me at once if anyone calls me.

          3. no one/ nobody 表示“沒有人”;“沒有任何人”。本身是否定詞,當(dāng)然用于否定句中。no one 常用于書面語(yǔ),nobody常用于口語(yǔ)中。(nobody = not anybody)

          E.g. ①No one has come.

          ②Nobody knows where he is.

          ◆注意:以上不定代詞在含義上都是單數(shù),所以后面的動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

          e.g. ⑴Somebody has taken away the book.

          ⑵If anyone calls me, tell him I’ll come back soon.

          D ‘something, anything, nothing, none’

          something, anything, nothing, none 也是不定代詞,something, anything, nothing 常指‘物’,代表不確定的某樣?xùn)|西或不需要提起名字的某樣?xùn)|西。 none 既可指代‘人’,也可指代‘物’。

          1.something 表示“某物”,常用于肯定句中。

          e.g. ①Simon has something in his bag.

          ②Something is wrong with my bike.

          2.anything常用于否定句和疑問句中。有時(shí)在肯定句中或if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中要想表達(dá)“任何東西”的含義時(shí)也用anything。

          e.g. ①For a better life, he will do anything.

          ②Did he find anything?

          ③She didn’t say anything about it.

          3.nothing, none 表示否定的意思,none 還可以和of連用,做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。(具體區(qū)別請(qǐng)參與第四項(xiàng))(nothing = not anything)

          e.g. ①I have nothing to say.

          ②None of us want(s)to go there.

          ③---Are there any cakes in the fridge? ----No, there is none left.

          ★★★學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e注意以下幾點(diǎn):

          1.以上不定代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.

          Everything is ready, Let’s start our party.

          2.不定代詞被形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式修飾時(shí), 該形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式要放在其后。

          There is nothing wrong with your computer.

          3.在表示請(qǐng)求、建議或邀請(qǐng)等期待一個(gè)肯定回答時(shí),用some系列, 而不用any系列。

          ①Can you do something for me? I really need your help. (表請(qǐng)求)

          ②Could you pass me something to drink?(表請(qǐng)求)

          ③Why not ask someone for help?(表建議)

          ④Aren’t you do something for you son? (希望得到肯定回答)

          你難道不打算為你兒子做點(diǎn)事嗎?

          4. any系列一般用于否定句和疑問句中,但如有必要也可用于肯定句或if條件從句中,表示“任何人(物)”的含義.

          Anyone (who goes into this room) will be punished.(處罰)

          5.當(dāng)句中有l(wèi)ittle, seldom, hardly,without等半否定意義的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、介詞或如too…to等具有否定意義的其它結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),通常用any系列詞項(xiàng)。如:

          ①I have finished it without anyone’s help. ②I am too busy to play with anybody.

          6.every系列一般用于肯定句中,如果用于否定句則表求部分否定(不完全否定)。如:

          Not everyone likes sandwiches.(不是每個(gè)人都喜歡吃三明治)

          7.在everyone, everybody, nobody, no one(指人的不定代詞)出現(xiàn)的上下文中,要用復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞與之對(duì)應(yīng)。

          ①Everybody is busy, and they are working on the farm.

          ②Everyone was running as fast as they could.

          8. 當(dāng)陳述句的主語(yǔ)是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞(-one,-body)時(shí),其反意疑問部分的主語(yǔ)用they,

          當(dāng)陳述句的主語(yǔ)是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞(-thing)時(shí),其反意疑問部分的主語(yǔ)用it.

          ①Everyone is here , aren’t they? 人都到了,是嗎?

          ② Everything is ready, isn’t it ? 一切準(zhǔn)備好了,是嗎?

          ③Somebody is waiting for me at the gate , aren ’t they? 有人在門口等我,是嗎?

          9.回答how many 或how much開頭的問句用 none, 回答who開頭的問句用 nobody 或no one

          回答what 引導(dǎo)的問句用nothing。如:

          ①---How many boys are there in the classroom? ---None.

          ②---Who is in the classroom ? --Nobody./No one.

          ③---What's she doing? ----Nothing.

          10.注意none, nothing, no one的區(qū)別: none 可以和of 連用,其它的不能和of連用;

          none 與all 反義。(詳見第四部分)

          以下為附加內(nèi)容:

          四、none用法補(bǔ)充:none既可指人,也可指物,它只是指在一定范圍內(nèi),代替上下文已出現(xiàn)過的名詞。

          none可指沒有人或沒有東西,在句中作定主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)。也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:

          ①“How many birds are there in the tree?”“None”.“樹上有多少只鳥?”“一只也沒有”。

          ②“Are there any students in the classroom?”“None”.

          “教室里有學(xué)生嗎?”“一個(gè)也沒有。”

          ③ I understood none of the questions. 這些問題我都不懂。

          ④ I wanted some ropes but there was none in my house .

          我需要幾根繩子,但家里一根繩子都沒有。

          ⑤“Are there any tomatoes left?”“No ,none at all.”

          “還有西紅柿剩下嗎?”“沒有,一點(diǎn)也沒有了。”

          ⑥ None of them has come back yet. 他們中一個(gè)人也沒有回來(lái)。

          ⑦ I bought many books but none of them is about French.

          我買了很多書,但沒有一本是關(guān)于法語(yǔ)方面的。

          [注]none ,nothing 和no one 的區(qū)別; none既可指人,也可指物,它只是指在一定范圍內(nèi),代替上下文已出現(xiàn)過的名詞。Nothing表示“沒有什么東西”,只能指物,不能指人,同時(shí)沒有任何限制。No one 一般用來(lái)指人,使用時(shí)不受一定范圍的限制,后面一般不接引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ).如:

          ①“Have you bought any clothes”? “None”.“你買衣服了嗎?”“一件沒買”。

          ②“Are there any birds in the tree now ?” “None”.“現(xiàn)在樹上有鳥嗎?”“一只也沒有。”

          ③“What is in the bag?” “Nothing” “袋子里有什么?”“什么也沒有。”

          ④“What did you buy yesterday?” “Nothing” “昨天你買什么了?”“沒有買什么”。

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