作者：王嵩
在英語單項填空題中,有很多是針對學生解題的思維定勢所出的"陷阱"題。出題人往往通過句子結(jié)構(gòu)的某些變化,來達到干擾學生的思維、使學生誤入歧途的目的。同學們要學會識別干擾因素,理清句子結(jié)構(gòu),保持清醒頭腦,提高抗干擾能力,從而避開"設題陷阱",提高解題的準確性。
命題人通常采用下面一些手段,來設計題干干擾信息:
一、插入語干擾
1. He believes in himself,_________, in my opinion, is of great importance.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
2. He hasn't come yet. What do you consider_________to him?
A. happens B. has happened C. happening D. to happen
3. John plays football _________, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
4. The manager decided to give the job to_________he believed had a strong sense of duty.
A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. those
析:這類題主要是利用插入語,增加句子的復雜程度,從而達到干擾學生視線的目的。我們只要去掉冗余信息(插入語),答案就一目了然了。
二、標點符號干擾
5. Tom,_________sure to come tomorrow.
A. is B. be C. was D. would be
析:很明顯,Tom在這里并不是句子的主語,而是稱呼語。
三、疑問句干擾
命題人利用一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu),達到干擾目的。解題時,只要把句子還原為陳述句,就可以看清它的廬山真面目了。如:
6. Who would you rather_________with you tomorrow, Tom or Smith?
A. have to go B. have go C. have gone D. had go
析:我們可以把它變?yōu)殛愂鼍?I would rather have Tom go with me tomorrow. 原來是把句子的賓語提前到了句首,go是省去了to的不定式作賓語補足語。
四、倒裝句干擾
7. On the grass_________two sheep.
A. lies B. lie C. lying D. laid
析:這個句子的語是two sheep而非grass,故選用復數(shù)謂語動詞。
五、從句和先行詞分離干擾
同位語和定語從句一般情況下是緊跟在先行詞之后,但有時為了句子平衡的需要,先行詞和從句分開,從而造成了干擾。如:
8. The question came up at the meeting _________ we had enough money for our research.
A. that B. which C. whether D. if
析:后面的句子是一個同位語從句,而它的先行詞是句首的question。
六、省略句干擾
9. The girl is very shy, and never speaks until_________to.
A. spoken B. speaking C. speak D. be spoken
析:這個句子從句省去了相同的主語she和be動詞,可以恢復為:The girl is very shy, and never speaks until she is spoken to.
10. If you don't go there,_________I.
A. neither do B. nor will C. so do D. neither did
析:此句盡管條件狀語從句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),但并不一定表示現(xiàn)在的動作。從句子意義來判斷,動作發(fā)生的時間應該在將來,很顯然,它省去了一個將來時間狀語。
七、被動句干擾
11. Every minute is made full use of_________at our lessons.
A. to work B. working C. having worked D. being worked
析:有些同學一見到介詞,后面馬上用名詞或動名詞。這恰恰落入了命題人設置的陷阱。此題of的賓語實際上是every minute。如果把它變?yōu)橹鲃邮?答案就顯而易見了。即:We make full use of every minute to work at our lessons.
八、搭配干擾
有時,出題人故意造成是某種固定搭配的假象,似是而非,極易上當。
12. This is the very room_________I slept in that evening.
A. that B. which C. where D. at which
析:時間狀語that evening前面不必加介詞in,故這個定語從句應用關(guān)系代詞引導,考慮到先行詞被very修飾,故用that引導定語從句。試比較:
This is the very room where I slept in the evening.
13. The country life he was used to_________greatly since the opening policy.
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. having changed
析:he was used to在句中作定語從句,修飾life。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),整個句子缺少謂語動詞,故填入主句謂語。
九、定語從句干擾
14. The young student did all that he could_________the examinations.
A. pass B. to pass C. passing D. passed
析:that he could (do) 是定語從句,修飾all。to pass the examinations在句子中作目的狀語。
15. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had_________went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
析:這道題考查了兩個知識點,一是考查了have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu),二是定語從句。she had had repaired(had的賓語which在定語從句中提前,且省略了)是定語從句,修飾the washing machine。此句可譯為:"布朗夫人很失望地發(fā)現(xiàn)她剛剛請人修理好的洗衣機又出了毛病。"
十、非正常語序干擾
16. The home improvements have taken what little there is_________my spare time.
A. from B. in C. of D. at
析:為了保持句子平衡,該句采用了非正常語序。該句的正常語序是:The home improvements have taken what little of my spare time there is. 本句意為"改善家庭居住條件占去了我僅有的一點業(yè)余時間。"there is是定語從句,用來修飾前面的名詞短語what little of my spare time。
十一、強調(diào)句干擾
17. It is the protection for the trees_________really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.
A. what B. that C. / D. which
析:此句是強調(diào)句,強調(diào)主語。可還原為:The protection for the trees really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.
十二、詞形變化干擾
18. -I like football.
-_________my sister and me.
A. So do B. So are C. So did D. So it is with
析:如不仔細觀察,學生很可能選擇A。應該要注意這里的me。我們知道so does sb. 句式是一個倒裝句,即sb. 是句子的主語,要求用主格。
十三、多義詞干擾
試比較下列兩個例句:
19. He is a strange character,_________is very hard to get along with.
A. who B. which C. that D. where
20. He has a strange character,_________makes him difficult to get along with.
A. who B. which C. that D. where
析:多義詞character在兩個例句中有不同的含義。在例1中,character表示"人物",在例2中,character表示"性格"。
參考答案:
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