一、考點(diǎn)聚焦
代詞分為九類(lèi)：人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞疑問(wèn)代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞、關(guān)系代詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的作用。
1、人稱(chēng)代詞
（1）人稱(chēng)代詞作主語(yǔ)用主格，作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)用賓格，但應(yīng)注意以下4中情況：
①作主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)代詞如果孤立地使用于無(wú)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子中，或在這種句子中與動(dòng)詞不定式連用，常用賓格。
-Does any of you know where Tom lives?
-Me.
What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!
②句子中代詞作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，與所替代的名詞在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、格在意義上一般要保持前后一致。
The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he代替)
They took me to be her.他們誤以為我是她。（me是賓格，故用her
替代）
③作表語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)代詞一般用賓格，但在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分代詞的格不變。
I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.
④在比較級(jí)的句子中than、as后用主格、賓格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有區(qū)別。
I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.
I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.
(2)兩個(gè)以上的人稱(chēng)代詞并列，其次序排列原則：
①在并列主語(yǔ)中，“I”總是放在最后，排列順序?yàn)椋憾?三 一（人稱(chēng)）。賓格me也一樣。
You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.
②第三人稱(chēng)，男女兩性并用，男先女后。
He and she still don’t agree to the plan.
(3)幾個(gè)人稱(chēng)代詞的特殊用法。
①we/you(口語(yǔ))常用來(lái)泛指一般人。
②she可以代表國(guó)家、船只、大地、月亮等。
The “Titanic”was the largest, wasn’t she?
2.物主代詞
（1）名詞和形容詞性物主代詞各自的語(yǔ)法功能。
（2）one’s own…=...of one’s own句式的轉(zhuǎn)換。
（3）某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中常用定冠詞代替物主代詞。
如： take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg.
3.反身代詞
（1）反身代詞的語(yǔ)法功能：賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。
（2）反身代詞和某些動(dòng)詞連有，構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)。
enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood
（3）反身代詞還可用于某些成語(yǔ)中。
for oneself為自己或獨(dú)立地，of oneself自然地，自動(dòng)地
by oneself獨(dú)自地，in oneself本身性質(zhì)，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至極
This problem gets a chapter to itself.這個(gè)問(wèn)題占了一章（獨(dú)有）。
Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.私下地說(shuō)我并不怎么看重他。
They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）
Left to himself he began to write.別人走后只留下他，他寫(xiě)了起來(lái)。
I’m very angry with myself.生自己的氣。
4.相互代詞（each other, one another）
相互代詞無(wú)人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和格的區(qū)別，在句中作賓語(yǔ)。其所有格分別為each other’s 、one another’s ,作定語(yǔ)。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，each other指兩者之間，one another指三者或三者以上之間，但現(xiàn)在區(qū)分已不明顯。
5.指示代詞（this, that , these, those, such, same）
指示代詞具有形容詞和代詞兩種詞性，在句子中可以作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。
（1）指示代詞this和that的區(qū)別。
①this (these)一般指時(shí)間或空間上較近的人或物；that(those)常指時(shí)間或空間較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。
This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
②this常指后面要講到的事物，有啟下的作用；that則指前面講到過(guò)的事物，有承上的作用。
I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday
afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
③為了避免重復(fù)，常用that或those代替前面已提過(guò)的名詞。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
④this在電話用語(yǔ)中作自我介紹，that詢問(wèn)對(duì)方；this和that可以當(dāng)副詞用，意思相當(dāng)于副詞so。
（2）such和same的用法。
①such指“這樣的”人或事，在句中作主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
Such was the story.
We have never seen such a tall building.
②same指“同樣的”人或事，在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，same的前面要用定冠詞the.
The same can be said of the other article.
另一篇文章也是同樣的情況。（主語(yǔ)）
Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.
他是否能做這事，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)都一樣。（表語(yǔ)）
6、疑問(wèn)代詞（who,whom,which,what,whose）
疑問(wèn)代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
（1）who/what
①詢問(wèn)姓名或關(guān)系。--Who is he? --He is my brother./He is
Henry.詢問(wèn)職業(yè)或地位。--What is he？ --He is a lawyer/teacher.
②What/who 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于說(shuō)話人的視點(diǎn)，可單數(shù)也可復(fù)數(shù)。
What is /are on the table?
Who is/are in the library?
(2)which與who、what
which表示在一定范圍內(nèi)，而who、what則無(wú)此限制。
I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?
7.連接代詞和關(guān)系代詞
連接代詞與疑問(wèn)代詞的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它們與ever合成的代詞whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它們用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句，即連接復(fù)合句中的主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，以連接代詞引起的名詞性從句前不能再加that.
關(guān)系代詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的代詞，它們包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。這兩類(lèi)代詞的用法詳見(jiàn)“名詞性從句”和“定語(yǔ)從句”部分。
8、不定代詞
不定代詞主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。還有由some、any、no和every構(gòu)成合成代詞，不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)，并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等（every、no只能作定語(yǔ)）。下面介紹幾組主要不定代詞的用法與區(qū)別。
（1）some與any
一般用法：some、any可與單、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑問(wèn)、否定或條件句。
He has some Chinese paintings.(定語(yǔ))
Some like sports,others like music.(主語(yǔ))
Ask me if you have any questions.(定語(yǔ))
Do you have any questions to ask?(定語(yǔ))
I don’t know any of the students.（賓語(yǔ)）
特殊用法：
①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。
Any child can do that.（定語(yǔ)）
You may take any of them.（賓語(yǔ)）
②some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示“某一”。
Smith went to some place in England.（定語(yǔ)）
③在期待對(duì)方回答yes 時(shí)，some用在表示請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)的問(wèn)句中。
Would you like some bananas?（邀請(qǐng)）
Mum,could you give me some money?(請(qǐng)求)
④some 用于否定句表示部分否定。
I don’t know some of the students.（賓語(yǔ)）
some和any在句中還可作狀語(yǔ)，作副詞。some意為“大約”相當(dāng)于“about”,而any則表示程度，意為“稍，絲毫”。如：
There are some 300 workers on strike.
Do you feel any better today?
(2)one,both,all
①one作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，可以指人或物，表示“一個(gè)”的意思，其復(fù)數(shù)為ones,指人時(shí)，其所有格是one’s，反身代詞是oneself.
One should try one’s best to serve the people.(主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ))
This is not the one I want.(表語(yǔ))
one、ones可以代替上文提到過(guò)的名詞，以免重復(fù)，one、ones前面分別可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等詞修飾。如：
These books are more interesting than those ones.
Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?
②both用作定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，可以指人或指物，表示“兩者都”的意思。
This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定語(yǔ))
Both of the boys are here.(主語(yǔ))
We both are students.(同位語(yǔ))
注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定時(shí)，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我們倆并不都是教師。
Neither of us is a teacher. 我們倆都不是教師。
both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而應(yīng)放在它們的前面。如：Both my parents like this film.
Both the /these boys are tall.
③all用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)，指“全部的”、“整個(gè)的”，可與可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用，除少數(shù)情況外，一般不與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物。
He gave me all the money.他把全部的錢(qián)給了我。
All the schools are flooded.所有的學(xué)校都被淹了。
I told him all about it. 我把一切都告訴了他。
That’s all for today.今天就在這兒。
They have all been to Xi’an.他們都去過(guò)西安。
注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：
Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants don’t go out for food.)并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物。
None of the money is mine.這錢(qián)一分也不是我的。
（3）many和much
many和much都表示“許多”，但many修飾或代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，much修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞。它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。much有時(shí)用作狀語(yǔ)。
（4）few, little; a few, a little
few和little表示沒(méi)有多少，含否定意義；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有幾個(gè)，含肯定意義。另外，few、a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞；little、a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。它們?cè)诰渲谐Ｓ米鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。
（5）no和none
no=not any,表示“沒(méi)有”，用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，通常作定語(yǔ)，none代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；代替可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。none還可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)。
注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。
（6）each和every
each（各個(gè)），指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，側(cè)重個(gè)體，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。every（每個(gè)），指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物，側(cè)重整體，在句中只能作定語(yǔ)。
Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)班上“所有的人”)
Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)個(gè)體）
Each of them has been there.（主語(yǔ)）
The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（賓語(yǔ)）
We each got a ticket.（同位語(yǔ)）
（7）either和neither
either是“兩者中任何一個(gè)”的意思，可修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，neither是“兩者中沒(méi)有一個(gè)”的意思，可以修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，它們可在句在作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。如：
Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(賓語(yǔ))
Neither boy knows French.(定語(yǔ))
注意：①either也作副詞，其意為“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesn’like tea, and I don’t either.（狀語(yǔ)）②either與or構(gòu)成連詞，意為“不是……就是……”或“要么……要么……”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. ③neither用作副詞，意為“也不”，即“not…either”。He can’t do it, neither can I. ④neither可與nor構(gòu)成連詞，意為“既不……也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.
（8）other和another, the others 和others
the other表示“兩者中的另一個(gè)”；“the other + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”
表示“其余（他）的……”；the others表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”泛指“其他的（別的）人或物”。這些詞語(yǔ)在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。如：
He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.
Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.
Some are singing, others are dancing.
another修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，意為“（三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的）另一個(gè)”，不能指兩者中的另一個(gè)，在句中可作賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(賓語(yǔ))
Please give me another book.（定語(yǔ)）
注意：another修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為“再，又”。如：Please give me another ten minutes. one … another(a second)… a third…the other…意為“一個(gè)……一個(gè)……一個(gè)……一個(gè)”用于三者或三者以上的排列。some…others…others…，意為“一些……一些……一些”。
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1. The Parkers bought a new house but__________will need a lot of work before they can move in.(NMET 2001)
A.they B.it C.one D.which
解析：答案為B。分析題意可知，they顯然不合，which多引導(dǎo)從句，從此為并列句式，one表示泛指，而此處空格內(nèi)容指代前面提到的the new house。要仔細(xì)區(qū)別代詞的所指范圍，是人還是物，單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，另應(yīng)注意句式。
2．If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay_________$ 15.（NMET 2000）
A.another B.other C.more D.each
解析：答案為A。本題考查不定代詞用于表示數(shù)量附加的用法。“another + 數(shù)字 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)通常用來(lái)表示在原有數(shù)量上的附加。若選C，正確結(jié)構(gòu)是“數(shù)詞 + more + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”。掌握another和more與數(shù)字搭配的位置是此題關(guān)鍵。another放在數(shù)字前，more放在數(shù)字后。NMET 1995中第25小題命題思路與此題一致。
3. Few pleasures can equal ___________of a cool drink on a hot day.(NMET 1999)
A.some B.any C.that D.those
解析：答案為C。本題考查替代詞that的用法。that通常在句中替代同類(lèi)的、特定的但不是同一的事物。本句中that替代the pleasure。句意為“在炎熱的夏天幾乎沒(méi)有任何樂(lè)趣能與飲一杯冷飲的樂(lè)趣相比”。that指代單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)用those，表示特指，以避免重復(fù)，在比較句型中較為常用，代替可數(shù)名詞時(shí)可換用the one。
四、專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練
1.The teacher gave the books to all the students except_______who had already taken them.
A.ones B.some C.the ones D.the others
2.Our manager allowed_______to take a holiday next week.
A.you and I B.yourself and me C.I and you D.you and me
3.-I feel a bit thirsty.
-Why don’t you have_______water?
A.some B.a C.any D.little
4.I have two cats and I like_______.
A.all of them B.them both C.every one of them D.them each
5.My father said that he would take_______for dinner when he came next time.
A.all us out B.out all us C.all out us D.us all out
6.Peter didn’t attend the party_______.
A.the last week B.the week before now
C.this past week D.the week past
7.Some of my students study very hard._______just don’t care.
A.Anothers B.The other C.Others D.Some other
8.-Did you feed the baby?
-No,he can_______.
A.eat by himself B.feed for himself C.feed by himself D.eat for himself
9.My brother is a man of_______words.
A.little B.few C.less D.fewer
10.There is_______hope for the work to be finished in such short time.
A.much B.small C.few D.little
11.Some old buildings were put down,but_______new ones have been built.
A.much more B.no more C.many more D.any more
12.When they met,they stopped and said hello to_______.
A.each other B.each another C.the other each D.each one
13.-Which of the two French films do you like better?
-_______,because they are meaningless.
A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither
14.-The US is certainly an interesting country.
-Yes,you can find just about_______there.
A.something B.everything C.nothing D.anything
15.After everyone took_______place,the meeting began.
A.his B.their C.there D.the
16.Although the city is small,its library is as complete_______.
A.as a large city B.like a large city
C.as that of a large city D.like in a large city
17.A few of_______are planning to drive to New York during spring break.
A.we boys B.boys we C.us boys D.boys
18.That man is a friend of my_______.
A.brother’s B.brother C.brothers D.brother’s own
19.Of all the problems,_______is so difficult as this one.
A.not one B.either C.neither D.none
20.I’m sorry I can’t give you_______advice.
A.a B.an C.any D.some
21.The old man feels lonely with_______to look after him.
A.someone B.no one C.anyone D.none
22.His leg was hurt._______is why he didn’t come.
A.It B.Which C.That D.There
23.-What does John do in China?
-I hear_______teaches English.
A.she B.him C.his D.he
24.There were only_______people who could get_______money for the work.
A.few;many B.little;many C.a few;much D.a little;much
25.The population of China is larger than_______.
A.India B.that of India C.India’s D.those of India
26._______of the pupils has passed the exams.
A.Every one B.Everyone C.Someone D.All
27._______dictionary will tell you the meaning of these words.
A.Some of B.All C.Any D.None
28.There are trees on_______side of the road.
A.every B.each C.both D.all
29._______of the people was given a piece of paper when entering the room.
A.Every B.All C.Some D.Each
30.I don’t think_______any good sending more workers to work there.
A.if B.that C.which D.what
31.The party continued through_______.
A.the whole of the night B.nearly whole of the night
C.almost all of the night D.most of the night
32.The book has lost its cover.I will put a new_______on it.
A.cover B.ones C.one D.piece
33.Does_______matter if he can’t come tomorrow?
A.this B.that C.he D.it
34.The group are waiting on_______plane to take off.
A.their B.his C.he D.himself
35.It was_______who told you the news.
A.him B.his C.he D.himself
36.I’d like to have a car of_______.
A.own B.my own C.my own one D.myself
37.I’m sorry I can’t express_______in English well.
A.me B.mine C.I D.myself
38.You can find a tower at_______ends of the bridge.
A.both B.all C.each D.either
39.She is doing her homework.I’ll do_______.
A.such B.so C.the same D.the same as
40.This word has_______meaning.
A.a quite another B.quite another
C.the quite another D.quite the another
41.Her composition is better than_______.
A.anyone B.anyone else C.anyone else’s D.anyone’s else
42.I found_______impossible for_______to work out the maths problem.
A.it;him B.it;he C.that;him D.that;he
43.That only man had three sons,all of_______died during the last earthquake.
A.them B.which C.those D.whom
44.Mary learned Chinese for about two years,_______is,from 1993 to 1995.
A.this B.that C.it D.he
45.He kept the money without_______knowing where it was.
A.anyone B.anything C.everything D.someone
參考答案
1-10 CDABD CCABD 11-20 CADBA CCADC 21-30 BCDCB DDBAB 31-40 DCDAC BDDBC 41-45 CADBA